Geothermal Systems
A Geothermal Heat Pump System is a mechanical device that uses geothermal exchange properties and the relatively constant temperature of earth formations for heating or cooling a building space. Heat pumps move heat from one place to another using electricity. Geothermal heat pumps take advantage of these constant underground temperatures to efficiently exchange temperatures, heating homes in the winter and cooling homes in the summer. There are open-loop and closed-loop systems.
An open-loop system using either a water well supply or return well for the disposal of used water requires a permit (see below). The wells must be constructed in accordance with the state well code.
Closed-loop systems do not extract groundwater, but LCHD has requirements for closed-loop systems. Individuals installing these systems need to apply for a permit (see below).
Images courtesy of U.S. Department of Energy
Permits
How to Apply for a Geothermal Well or Heat Pump Permit
Submit a complete Geothermal Heat Pump Application to LCHD’s Environmental Health Division in-person, by mail, by email, or online.
The Geothermal Heat Pump Application must include:
- Documentation of permanent street address (for new construction only)
- Address Assignment Forms are provided by Livingston County GIS
- Copy of a certified survey and legal description (for new construction only)
- Copy of an accurate plot plan (Example)
- Appropriate fees
Once submitted, an Environmental Health Specialist will review the application and contact you if additional information is needed. Approved permits will be issued by email (or other method upon request).
Information on the permit will provide further instructions, including inspections and/or water testing requirements.
Last Modified June 15, 2026
